appetitus Latin · revision 33917

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la petō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ap.pɛˈtiː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ap.peˈtiː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''appetītus''' ''m'' (genitive appetītūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''adpetītus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|appetō|-tus|t1=to strive after; assail]], a fourth-declension noun of action.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) [[m|la|appetō]] is a compound of [[m|la|ad-]] and [[m|la|petō|t=to make for, seek]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero uses it first;^(Köbler 2010) the TLL finds it, among the authors with full indexes, only in Cicero and Apuleius.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a desire or appetite for something, especially a natural or instinctive one:^(OLD 2012) Cicero speaks of the appetite for pleasure,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and in his philosophical works it is the faculty of desire, the Greek ὁρμή, one of the two powers of the soul beside reason, which drives a person this way and that.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the plural it is the passions, which Cicero says must obey reason.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short think it is perhaps only Ciceronian in the classical period.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ammianus uses it of an onset or attack, the attacks of the barbarians.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The Vulgate has it in Genesis and Ezekiel,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Stelten gives "appetite, hunger, passion" for Church Latin.^(Stelten 1995) Through Old French it is the source of the English [[m|en|appetite]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the faculty of desire and the passions.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius.^(TLL)

+ * c. 390 AD – Ammianus of attacks.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate in Genesis.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * c. 1300 – [[m|en|appetite]] appears in English, “craving for food”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|desire]], longing, [[m|en|appetite]] (for something), especially a natural one.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(philosophy)'' The faculty of desire, impulse;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''(plural)'' the [[m|en|passion|alt=passions]], appetites.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' An onset, [[m|en|assault]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' Appetite, hunger, passion.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[appetēns]]

+ * [[appetenter]]

+ * [[appetibilis]]

+ * [[appetītio]]

+ * [[appetō]]

+ * [[petō]]

+ * [[en|appetite]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Appetītus, -a, -um'' is also the perfect passive participle of [[appetō]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}