obex Latin · revision 33901

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *(H)ieh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɔː.beks]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ō̆bex''' ''m'' or f (genitive ō̆bicis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''obiex''.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ Silius Italicus scans the first syllable short.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|obiciō|t=to throw in the way]], "that which is put in front".^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) That verb is a compound of [[m|la|ob-]] and [[m|la|iaciō|t=to throw]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*jak-i-|t=to throw]] and [[ine-pro|*(H)ieh₁-|t=to throw, let go]].^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL files it under the spelling ⟨obiex⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it in the ''Persa'' of an obstacle;^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note that it is mostly poetic and post-Augustan, and absent from Cicero and Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the bar or bolt that fastens a door or gate: Virgil has door-posts propped and fortified with a bar, and Ovid gates closed with a firm bolt;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Tacitus and Ammianus speak of the iron bars of city gates.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also anything that blocks an entrance, as the huge rock behind which Proteus hides in Virgil.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From there it is a barrier or obstacle: in Virgil the sea shuts “us” in with a great barrier,^(OLD 2012) and the sea's rocky shores are its barriers.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy uses it of obstacles on the roads,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Pliny the Younger of the absence of obstacles to admission.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein says that ''pessulī'', ''repāgula'' and ''obicēs'' are bars that take the place of bolts.^(Döderlein 1874) Its gender is either masculine or feminine, and the nominative singular is very rare.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Stelten gives "hindrance, obstacle" for Church Latin.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of an obstacle.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of bars and barriers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of obstacles on the roads.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of the bars of gates.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|bar]] or [[m|en|bolt]] fastening a door or gate.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Anything that blocks an entrance; a [[m|en|barricade]], wall.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A barrier, [[m|en|obstacle]], [[m|en|hindrance]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[obiciō]]

+ * [[iaciō]]

+ * [[pessulus]]

+ * [[sera]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}