ingemisco Latin · revision 33891

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la gemō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪŋ.ɡɛˈmiːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [in̠ʲ.d͡ʒeˈmis.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ingemīscō''' (present infinitive ingemīscere, perfect active ingemuī); third conjugation, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+ The OLD and the TLL file it under the spelling ''ingemēscō''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ingemō|-īscō|t1=to groan over]], an inchoative verb.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|ingemō]] is a compound of [[m|la|in-]] and [[m|la|gemō|t=to groan]], whose origin de Vaan thinks uncertain: most scholars connect it with [[grc|γέμω|tr=gémō|t=to be full]], but Vine prefers [[grc|γέγωνα|tr=gégōna|t=to shout so as to be heard]] and a root meaning "call".^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero uses it in the ''Tusculan Disputations'', saying that Spartan boys do not groan, and in the ''Philippics'', asking why someone groans that Dolabella has been declared a public enemy.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to begin to groan or moan, in pain or grief:^(OLD 2012) Cicero translates a line of Sophocles with it, of groaning under no misfortune,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Livy imagines how our fathers would groan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil has someone groan on finding the light,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Curtius Rufus someone groaning at another's death.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of things it is to creak, as a threshold groaning under a sacred body in Ovid,^(OLD 2012) or fire in the ''Hercules Oetaeus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Transitively it is to groan over: Martial, and Apuleius of someone often silently lamenting another's lot.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Younger uses it with the dative, of groaning over what one suffered.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ammianus has the gerundive ''ingemīscendus'', lamentable.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Stelten gives "wail, sigh, groan" for Church Latin.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of Spartan boys who do not groan.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of groaning on finding the light.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of a groaning threshold.^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius of lamenting another's lot.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To begin to [[m|en|groan]] or [[m|en|moan]] (in pain or grief), [[m|en|sigh]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of things)'' To [[m|en|creak]], groan.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To groan at or over, lament.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ingemō]]

+ * [[gemō]]

+ * [[gemitus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}