navo Latin · revision 33890

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *ǵneh₃-uo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈnaː.woː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈnaː.vo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nāvō''' (present infinitive nāvāre, perfect active nāvāvī, supine nāvātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''gnāvō''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|nāvus|-ō|t1=busy, diligent]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces [[m|la|nāvus]], also written ⟨gnāvus⟩, to [[itc-pro|*gnāwo-]] and [[ine-pro|*ǵneh₃-uo-|t=knowing]], with a shift of meaning from "knowing" to "experienced" and "busy"; cognates include [[sga|gnó|t=business]].^(de Vaan 2008) He notes that it may also have been formed after [[m|la|gnārus|t=knowing]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero uses it first, in letters and speeches;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) he writes that no one is so crushed that he cannot do and achieve something.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to do something with zeal and diligence.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Its commonest use is ''operam nāvāre'', to busy oneself or to give one's help: Cicero has people who offer themselves unasked to give their services, and wishes he could have given Brutus his help and zeal;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy uses it of fighting vigorously in the battle line, and Tacitus of a man eager to do service.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero also uses it of showing goodwill and zeal,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and of having succeeded in an aim by coming somewhere.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Tacitus has ''bellum nāvāre'', to wage a war vigorously, and even ''flāgitium nāvāre'', to commit a crime.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Stelten gives "act or perform with zeal or diligence" for Church Latin.^(Stelten 1995) Manuscripts and glossaries also have the spelling ''gnāvō''.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of doing something with zeal and of ''operam nāvāre''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of fighting vigorously.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of waging war vigorously.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To do with zeal, devote oneself to, prosecute (an activity); ''operam nāvāre'', to busy oneself, give one's help.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To carry through, [[m|en|accomplish]]; to show (zeal, goodwill).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(of war)'' To wage vigorously;^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''(of a crime)'' to commit.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nāvus]]

+ * [[īgnāvus]]

+ * [[nāviter]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}