impavidus Latin · revision 33885

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=ine-pro *pou-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪmˈpa.wɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [imˈpaː.vi.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''impavidus''' (feminine impavida, neuter impavidum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''inpavidus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|pavidus|t2=fearful]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|pavidus]] is made from [[m|la|paveō|t=to be frightened]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*paw-ē-|t=to be frightened]] and [[ine-pro|*pou-eh₁-|t=to fear]], with Celtic cognates such as [[sga|omun|t=fear]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Virgil,^(Köbler 2010) who has the boys playing as they hang from the she-wolf and fearlessly licking their mother.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means fearless, undaunted.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note it is not frequent before the Augustan period and not found in Cicero or Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Horace says that if the world should break and fall, its ruins will strike the just man undismayed, and calls Teucer and Sthenelus fearless.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL records it of animals as well as of people.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of the fearless twins.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of the just man undismayed.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|fearless|alt=Fearless]], [[m|en|dauntless]], undaunted, [[m|en|intrepid]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pavidus]]

+ * [[paveō]]

+ * [[intrepidus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}