rapto Latin · revision 33880

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₁rp-i-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈrap.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈrap.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''raptō''' (present infinitive raptāre, perfect active raptāvī, supine raptātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Ennius has the passive infinitive ''raptārier''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|rapiō|-tō|t1=to seize]], a frequentative.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|rapiō]] to [[itc-pro|*rap-i-|t=to seize]] and [[ine-pro|*h₁rp-i-|t=to seize]], with cognates such as [[grc|ἐρέπτομαι|tr=eréptomai|t=to devour, snatch away]].^(de Vaan 2008) Servius explains the frequentative in Virgil's ⟨raptātus⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it first,^(OLD 2012) in the ''Aulularia'': why are you dragging me?^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ennius has the old passive infinitive ''raptārier'': I saw Hector dragged by the four-horse chariot.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to carry off by force, drag away violently, and Lewis & Short call it mostly poetic.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil imitates Ennius with Hector dragged by the chariot around the walls,^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius has the Sun's horses sweeping Phaethon through the sky, and Ovid has someone dragged by the hair.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero uses it of a wife dragged off, beside scattered children and ruined fortunes.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of physical forces it is to sweep along: Lucretius' winds sweep over sea and land.^(OLD 2012) It is also to hurry troops this way and that, as in the ''Bellum Africum'' and Tacitus,^(Lewis & Short 1879) to hale someone to court, as in Apuleius,^(OLD 2012) and to seize and plunder: Silius Italicus has soldiers scattered over the fields to carry off fodder, and Statius a leader who gives captured citadels to the victors to plunder.^(OLD 2012) Stelten gives "drag away" for Church Latin.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of dragging someone away.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of Hector dragged by the chariot.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of winds sweeping along.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a wife dragged off.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius of plundering citadels.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To carry away by force, [[m|en|drag]] off violently, hurry away; to hale (to court); to drag off (to ravish).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of physical forces)'' To sweep or rush along.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To seize and carry off; to [[m|en|plunder]], [[m|en|ravage]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[raptitō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rapiō]]

+ * [[raptus]]

+ * [[raptor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}