concavus Latin · revision 33879

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *ḱouH-ó-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkɔŋ.ka.wʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkɔŋ.ka.vus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''concavus''' (feminine concava, neuter concavum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|cavus|t2=hollow]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Etymonline takes the prefix as perhaps intensive.^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces [[m|la|cavus]] to [[itc-pro|*kawo-]] and [[ine-pro|*ḱouH-ó-|t=hollow]], with cognates such as [[sga|cúa|t=hollow]] and [[grc|κοῖλος|tr=koîlos|t=hollow]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL reads it from Ennius and Cato on, always of physical things;^(TLL) Cato tells the farmer to make a seed-bed flat but slightly hollowed.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means curving inwards, hollow, concave: Lucretius has hollow cymbals and hollows of the earth, Cicero the hollow depths of caves and hollow throats, Virgil hollow rocks and Ovid a hollow valley and the curved claws of the Crab.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of the eyes it is sunken.^(OLD 2012) Seneca contrasts the hollowed hand with the flat one, and Pliny the Elder uses it of teeth and leaves.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means having a cavity inside, hollow.^(OLD 2012) Ovid uses it of swelling water, a curved stern and bellying sails.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL notes it has no comparative or superlative.^(TLL) Later the neuter plural ''concava'' is a noun, hollows, as in Claudian and Lactantius.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Stelten gives "hollow, arched, concave, vaulted, curved" for Church Latin, and the plural "hollows, a glen".^(Stelten 1995) The English [[m|en|concave]] came from it, perhaps through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius, its first use.^(TLL)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of a slightly hollowed bed.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of hollow cymbals.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the hollows of caves.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – [[m|en|concave]] appears in English.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Curving inwards, [[m|en|concave]], hollow;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''(of the eyes)'' sunken.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Having a [[m|en|cavity]] inside, hollow.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|arched|alt=Arched]], [[m|en|vaulted]], curved;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary) ''(of water)'' swelling.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(Late Latin, neuter plural)'' Hollows; a glen.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[concavitās]]

+ * [[concavō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cavus]]

+ * [[cavea]]

+ * [[en|concave]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}