audens Latin · revision 33869

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la avidus}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''audēns''' (genitive audentis); comparative audentior, superlative audentissimus; third-declension one-termination adjective^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Used as an adjective, it is the present participle [[der|la|audeō|t=to dare]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives [[m|la|audeō]] from [[m|la|avidus|t=greedy]]: it first meant to want very much, as Plautus' [[m|la|sōdēs|t=if you please]] (from ⟨sī audēs⟩) still shows, and then came to mean to dare.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler and Lewis & Short find it first in Virgil, whose ''tū nē cēde malīs, sed contrā audentior ītō'' means “do not yield to troubles, but go against them more boldly”.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As an adjective it means daring, bold or courageous, mostly in a good sense, and Lewis & Short find it chiefly in poetry and post-Augustan prose.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Ovid has the saying that the god himself helps the bold (''audentēs deus ipse iuvat'').^(Lewis & Short 1879) Tacitus uses it several times, with the superlative ''audentissimus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Quintilian applies it to a bold, free style of speaking.^(OLD 2012) The adverb ''audenter'' appears in the Vulgate and the comparative ''audentius'' in Tacitus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of going boldly against misfortune.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, “the god himself helps the bold”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus has the superlative.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian, of a daring style.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|daring|alt=Daring]], [[m|en|bold]], courageous.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of style or speech, bold, free in expression.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[audeō]]

+ * [[audāx]]

+ * [[audācia]]

+ * [[avidus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}