suspirium Latin · revision 33864

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *spīr/s-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sʊsˈpiː.ri.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [susˈpiː.ri.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''suspīrium''' ''n'' (genitive suspīriī or suspīrī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|suspīrō|-ium|t1=to sigh]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) That verb is a compound of [[m|la|sub-]] and [[m|la|spīrō|t=to breathe]], for which de Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*spīr/s-]], possibly an imitation of the sound of breathing, without direct cognates.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it in the ''Cistellaria'' (to fetch a sigh from deep down) and in the ''Truculentus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a sigh of anguish or longing: Cicero has love without longing, care or sighing in the ''Tusculans''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) An inscription (CIL 4.4397) calls a man named Celadus the girls' sigh, the man they sigh for.^(OLD 2012) It also means a deep, laboured breath, as Seneca describes the signs of a tired man,^(OLD 2012) and a breath taken in a pause, as in Lucan.^(OLD 2012) Columella has ''crebrum suspīrium'', frequent heavy breathing.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein contrasts a sigh, the direct outcome of distress, with ''gemitus'', a groan, given to vent actual pain.^(Döderlein 1874) Stelten glosses it “sigh, desire”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of a deep sigh.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of the sighs of love.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca, of laboured breathing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|sigh]] (of anguish or longing); one who is sighed for.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A deep or laboured breath; a breath taken in a pause; a [[m|en|gasp]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|longing|alt=Longing]], desire.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[suspīriōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[suspīrō]]

+ * [[spīrō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}