raise English · revision 3386

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1200|origins=gem-pro *raizijaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /reɪz/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|reisen]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) [[bor|non|reisa|t=to raise, cause to rise]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) from [[gem-pro|*raizijaną]],^(Etymonline) the causative of the root of [[rise]].^(Etymonline) It is cognate with Gothic urraisjan and Old English rǣran, the source of [[rear]], with which it at first shared many senses.^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) The noun is from the verb.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To lift up, set upright, build, give rise to: probably about 1200, in the ''Ormulum''.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ “To make higher” in the physical sense, and “to restore to life”, are from about 1300.^(Etymonline) “To collect, levy” is from the early 14th century.^(Etymonline) Raising the voice and lifting a siege are from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) “To increase the amount of” is from about 1500, and of prices from the 1530s.^(Etymonline) “To bring up a question” is from the 1640s,^(Etymonline) to grow plants or animals from the 1660s,^(Etymonline) and to bring up children by 1744, a use that Pickering's 1816 glossary of Americanisms discusses at length.^(Etymonline) The card-playing sense is from 1821.^(Etymonline) To contact someone by radio is by 1929,^(Etymonline) and to raise consciousness from 1970.^(Etymonline) The noun meant a levy about 1500,^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) an increase in amount from 1728,^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) and an increase in wages from 1898 in Barnhart and 1884 in Etymonline, chiefly American, where British English prefers ''rise''.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1200 – to lift up, build.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1300 – to make higher; to raise from the dead.^(Etymonline)

+ * late 14th century – to raise a siege.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1500 – noun, a levy; to increase.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1660s – to grow plants.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1728 – noun, an increase.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1744 – to bring up children.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1884 – a pay rise.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To lift or move to a higher position.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To set upright; to [[erect]] or build.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To increase in amount, degree or intensity: ''to raise prices''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To bring up children; to grow crops or breed animals.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To bring up for discussion: ''to raise a question''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To collect money or troops.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To end a [[siege]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To increase a bet in poker.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(chiefly US)'' An increase in pay.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # An increase in amount or a higher bid.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[raiser]]

+ * [[raisable]]

+ * [[fundraise]]

+ * [[upraise]]

+ * [[reraise]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rise]]

+ * [[rear]]

+ * [[arise]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}