restringo Latin · revision 33852

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *strengʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛsˈtrɪŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [resˈtriŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''restringō''' (present infinitive restringere, perfect active restrīnxī, supine restrictum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|re-|stringō|t1=back|t2=to draw tight]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan thinks [[m|la|stringō]] continues a merger of separate roots: [[ine-pro|*strengʰ-e/o-|t=to draw, tie]], the sense kept in all the compounds, and [[ine-pro|*stri-n-g-|t=to brush, strip]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it in the ''Captivi'' of baring the teeth, as an angry dog does.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its main sense is to fasten something behind or tight: Horace has arms bound behind the back, Pliny the Elder hands tied behind, and Tacitus a noose drawn tight and a girl bound with chains.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note that the finite verb is not found before Augustus, though the participle is classical.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Statius uses it of holding back a boxer's hands.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to restrain or keep within bounds, as Seneca says of grief that should have been checked early.^(OLD 2012) The sense of drawing back a covering, as of the lips from the teeth, goes back to Plautus.^(OLD 2012) Stelten gives “restrain, restore, check”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|restrain]] comes from it through Old French, and [[m|en|restrict]] from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of baring the teeth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace, of arms tied behind the back.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca, of restraining grief.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus, of drawing a noose tight.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English [[m|en|restrain]], through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1530s – English [[m|en|restrict]], from the participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To fasten (the hands, arms) behind one; to draw tight; to [[m|en|bind]] fast, tie up.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To hold back, [[m|en|restrain]]; to keep within bounds, [[m|en|restrict]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To draw back a covering; to bare (the teeth); to open.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[restrictim]]

+ * [[restrictiō]]

+ * [[restrictē]]

+ * [[restrictus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[astringō]]

+ * [[circumstringō]]

+ * [[cōnstringō]]

+ * [[dēstringō]]

+ * [[distringō]]

+ * [[obstringō]]

+ * [[perstringō]]

+ * [[praestringō]]

+ * [[stringō]]

+ * [[substringō]]

+ * [[en|restrain]]

+ * [[en|restrict]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}