tetrarches Latin · revision 33848

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=grc τετράρχης}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [tɛˈtrar.kʰeːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [teˈtrar.kes]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tetrarchēs''' ''m'' (genitive tetrarchae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Late Latin also has ''tetrarcha''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|τετράρχης|tr=tetrárkhēs|t=ruler of a fourth part]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler explains the Greek word from [[m|grc|τετρα-|tr=tetra-|t=four]] and [[m|grc|ἄρχω|tr=árkhō|t=to rule]].^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero uses it in his letters to Atticus and in several speeches, including the ''Philippics'' and the speech for king Deiotarus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was first the ruler of one of four provinces that made up a larger kingdom, and then the title of a minor king under Roman protection in certain eastern provinces.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Caesar, Sallust, Velleius, Horace, Lucan and Tacitus use it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The Vulgate has the form ''tetrarcha'', in the Gospels.^(Lewis & Short 1879) English [[m|en|tetrarch]] goes back to late Old English, from that Late Latin form.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of eastern princes.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate has the form ''tetrarcha''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late Old English – [[m|en|tetrarch]] appears in English.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|tetrarch]], ruler of a fourth part of a kingdom; a minor king under Roman protection, a petty [[m|en|prince]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|tetrarch]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}