vitrum Latin · revision 33840

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *wed-ro-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈwɪ.trũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈviː.trum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vitrum''' ''n'' (genitive vitrī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*wedro-|t=glass]], from [[ine-pro|*wed-ro-|t=water-like]], as Szemerényi proposed after a Middle Iranian parallel in which the word for glass comes from the word for water; de Vaan accepts this and relates it to [[m|la|unda|t=wave]].^(de Vaan 2008) He thinks the plant woad and its dye were named after the colour of ancient glass, a pale, transparent green.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD instead gives the woad as a separate entry, compared with [[goh|weit|t=woad]] and [[ang|wād|t=woad]], and calls the origin of the word for glass doubtful, perhaps the same.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short connected it with [[m|la|videō|t=to see]], as something transparent.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucretius,^(de Vaan 2008) and Cicero uses it in the speech for Rabirius Postumus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) Caesar has the woad,^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) a dye Wiktionary describes as used by the Britons.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is glass and also a glass vessel: the ''Copa'' has someone rinse with a glass, and Pliny the Elder mentions cooling water in glass in snow.^(OLD 2012) Horace calls the spring of Bandusia clearer than glass, and Martial has someone drink from glass.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Elder describes its making.^(Lewis & Short 1879) As woad it is the plant ''Isatis tinctoria'' or the blue dye from its leaves.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Stelten gives “glass”.^(Stelten 1995) The English words [[m|en|vitreous]] and [[m|en|vitrify]] come from its family.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of glassware.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar, of the Britons' woad.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace, “clearer than glass”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|glass|alt=Glass]]; a glass vessel.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|woad|alt=Woad]], the plant ''Isatis tinctoria''; the blue dye made from it.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vitreus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[unda]]

+ * [[en|vitreous]]

+ * [[en|vitrify]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}