regressus Latin · revision 33828

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *gʰredʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛˈɡrɛs.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [reˈɡrɛs.sus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''regressus''' ''m'' (genitive regressūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|regredior|-tus|t1=to go back]], a fourth-declension noun of action.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|regredior]] is a compound of [[m|la|re-]] and [[m|la|gradior|t=to step, walk]], which Wiktionary traces to [[ine-pro|*gʰredʰ-]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it first in Cicero,^(TLL) who speaks in the ''De natura deorum'' of steady forward and backward movements kept through all eternity.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In prose the TLL records it from Cicero, Livy and Vitruvius, and in verse only once in Virgil and then in Statius.^(TLL) It is the act of going back or returning, as Columella has of goings out and comings back,^(OLD 2012) and in war a withdrawal, as Livy's troops whose retreat to their own bank was safer.^(OLD 2012) Virgil uses it of a way back, saying that Fortune allows none,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Columella of land returning to its former state.^(OLD 2012) Tacitus has it of recourse to someone for redress.^(OLD 2012) In Medieval Latin it can be a way in, and in law a right of recovery.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of the backward movement of heavenly bodies.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of a military retreat.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of a way back from misfortune.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus, of recourse to a ruler.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Medieval Latin – A right of recovery.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A going back, [[m|en|return]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(military)'' A withdrawal, [[m|en|retreat]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A backward movement; the [[m|en|retrograde]] movement of heavenly bodies.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A retreat from a position or policy; a way back; a return to a former state.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|recourse|alt=Recourse]] to someone for help or redress.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A way in;^(Niermeyer 1976) ''(law)'' a right of recovery.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[regredior]]

+ * [[gradior]]

+ * [[prōgressus]]

+ * [[en|regress]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The form is also the perfect participle of [[regredior]], “having gone back”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}