residuus Latin · revision 33823

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=170–c. 90 BC, Accius|origins=ine-pro *sed-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛˈsɪ.du.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [reˈs̬iː.du.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''residuus''' (feminine residua, neuter residuum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|resideō|-uus|t1=to remain behind]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) [[m|la|resideō]] is a compound of [[m|la|re-]] and [[m|la|sedeō|t=to sit]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*sed-ē-|t=to be seated]] and [[ine-pro|*sed-eh₁-|t=to be seated]], cognate with [[sga|saidid|t=to sit]] and [[grc|ἕζομαι|tr=hézomai|t=to sit down]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its oldest attestation is a line of Accius quoted by Festus, ''residuos, somno deditos'', where it means sitting idle, like ''reses''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Cicero it is what is left over from an earlier time, as a hatred he thought he had poured out but that had lingered.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the ''Pro Cluentio'' ''pecūniae residuae'' are public funds kept back by a magistrate after his accounts.^(OLD 2012) It is also what remains to be done or paid, as Cicero's what was paid and what is outstanding,^(OLD 2012) and what is left after something is taken away, the rest; as a noun ''residuum'' is the remainder.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The jurists have an ''exceptiō reī residuae'', against a plaintiff who had split his claims.^(OLD 2012) Jerome, commenting on Obadiah, uses it to render the Hebrew word ''sarid''.^(TLL) English [[m|en|residue]] comes from ''residuum'' through Old French, from the mid-14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius, of people sitting idle.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of lingering hatred and of public money kept back.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 383–419/420 AD – Jerome renders a Hebrew word by it.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English [[m|en|residue]], from the neuter noun through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Left over from an earlier time, [[m|en|lingering]], persisting.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''pecūniae residuae'': public money kept back by a magistrate after his accounts.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Left behind at the end of a process, [[m|en|residual]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Remaining to be done or undergone; of a debt, outstanding.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Left over after something is taken away, remaining;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995) ''(neuter as noun)'' the [[m|en|remainder]], rest.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Sitting idle, [[m|en|slothful]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[resideō]]

+ * [[reses]]

+ * [[sedeō]]

+ * [[en|residue]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}