expressus Latin · revision 33821

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *pr-es-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''expressus''' (feminine expressa, neuter expressum); comparative expressior; first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the participle [[der|la|exprimō|t=to squeeze out, press out; to portray]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) [[m|la|exprimō]] is a compound of [[m|la|ex-]] and [[m|la|premō|t=to press]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*pres-]] and [[ine-pro|*pr-es-|t=to press]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler lists the participle from Plautus and the adjective from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010) Cicero uses it in the ''De natura deorum'' of a form of the gods with nothing solid or distinct about it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its basic sense is clearly shaped, distinct, standing out, the opposite of ''adumbrātus'' “sketched”: Cicero contrasts real glory, solid and distinct, with its shadow, and says Catiline had only the outlines of virtues.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Quintilian uses it of muscular bodies of a child fully formed, and of clear pronunciation;^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero praises a voice whose letters were neither overemphasised nor swallowed.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Catullus calls his poems from Battiades ''expressa carmina'', translated poems.^(Lewis & Short 1879) With ''ad'' it is closely modelled on something, as Pliny the Younger's man shaped on the pattern of antiquity.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of distinct forms and solid glory.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus, of poems translated.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian, of muscular bodies and distinct speech.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Clearly defined, [[m|en|distinct]], standing out; clear-cut in shape.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Clear, plain, [[m|en|manifest]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of speech, distinctly pronounced; too emphatic.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of a text, rendered, [[m|en|translated]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # With ''ad'', closely modelled on.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[exprimō]]

+ * [[premō]]

+ * [[expressiō]]

+ * [[adumbrātus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate fourth-declension noun ''expressus'', -''ūs'' occurs once, in Vitruvius, for a device that forces water upward.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}