contristo Latin · revision 33812

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Caelius, in Cicero's letters|origins=la trīstis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔnˈtriːs.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [konˈtris.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''contrīstō''' (present infinitive contrīstāre, perfect active contrīstāvī, supine contrīstātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|trīstis|-ō|t2=sad]], a verb made from the adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan finds no good etymology for [[m|la|trīstis]]; a link with Germanic words for “audacious” that Hill considers fails on the sound changes.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it first, once each, in Rutilius Lupus and in Caelius,^(TLL) whose letter to Cicero says that a decision saddened Balbus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short note that apart from Caelius it is perhaps not found before Augustus.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In poetry it is to darken or make gloomy: Virgil's south wind saddens the sky with cold rain, and Horace's Aquarius the year.^(OLD 2012) Columella uses it of heat and cold making vines languish.^(OLD 2012) Seneca has the wise man who is neither troubled nor saddened.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Stelten gives “make sad”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of the wind darkening the sky.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace, of Aquarius saddening the year.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella, of vines made to languish.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make sad, [[m|en|sadden]], depress, [[m|en|discourage]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(poetic)'' To make dark or gloomy.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To make (plants) languish; to damage (crops).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[contristātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[trīstis]]

+ * [[trīstitia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}