frondeo Latin · revision 33805

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=la frōns}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfrɔn.de.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈfrɔn.de.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''frondeō''' (present infinitive frondēre, perfect active fronduī, supine fronditum); second conjugation, no passive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|frōns#1|-eō|t1=foliage, leaves]], a verb made from the noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan calls the origin of [[m|la|frōns#1]] unsure: Walde and Hofmann hesitantly compare Germanic words for “brim, bud”, and Solmsen a Russian word for “lawn” and [[grc|θρόνα|tr=thróna|t=herbs, flowers]], but that needs an extra suffix; he allows that the Greek and Latin words might go back to the same Mediterranean substrate word.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it first in Cato.^(TLL) Lucretius has it of the time when the earth comes into leaf and everything flowers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The TLL records it in Cato, Accius, Varro, Lucretius, Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Columella, Pliny the Elder and later poets, and notes that it is missing in Plautus, Terence, Cicero, Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius, Livy, Tacitus and Seneca.^(TLL) Virgil's ''nunc frondent silvae'', “now the woods are in leaf”, is a typical use.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is used of plants putting out leaves and of places full of green trees.^(OLD 2012) Stelten gives “be leafy, flourish”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato, the first instance.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius, of the earth coming into leaf.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of woods in leaf.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # Of plants, to have or put forth [[m|en|leaf|alt=leaves]]; to be in leaf, become green.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of places, to be full of green trees, be [[m|en|leafy]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[frondātiō]]

+ * [[frondātor]]

+ * [[frondēscō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[frōns#1]]

+ * [[frondōsus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}