grator Latin · revision 33804

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=170–c. 90 BC, Accius|origins=ine-pro *gʷrH-to-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɡraː.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɡraː.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''grātor''' (present infinitive grātārī, perfect active grātātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|grātus|-or|t1=pleasing, thankful]], a verb made from the adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The TLL suggests that dactylic poets may have formed it, for the metre, in place of the older [[m|la|grātulor|t=to congratulate]];^(TLL)^(de Vaan 2008) Leumann took it as a back-formation from that verb, which de Vaan sees no compelling reason to assume.^(TLL)^(de Vaan 2008) He traces [[m|la|grātus]] to [[itc-pro|*gʷrāto-|t=grateful]] and [[ine-pro|*gʷrH-to-|t=praised in song]], cognate with [[osc|brateís|t=grace, mercy]] and [[sa|गृणाति|tr=gr̥ṇā́ti|t=to praise]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it first in Accius and Pacuvius;^(TLL) an Accius line quoted by Servius says it is not fitting to congratulate someone on the matter.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The TLL notes that it is above all a word of dactylic poets, as Virgil, Ovid and Silius.^(TLL) Lewis & Short note that it is not in Cicero, who uses ''grātulor'' and ''congrātulor''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil has ''grātāre sorōrī'', “wish your sister joy”, and congratulating people on their safe return;^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy and Tacitus use it of people rejoicing together.^(Lewis & Short 1879) From it comes the late adverb ''grātanter'', “with joy”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius, of congratulating.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of wishing someone joy.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of rejoicing together.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus, of praising and rejoicing.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To wish someone joy, [[m|en|congratulate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To rejoice with someone; to [[m|en|rejoice]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[gratatorius]]

+ * [[grātanter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[grātia]]

+ * [[grātificor]]

+ * [[grātus]]

+ * [[grātulor]]

+ * [[congrātulor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}