penetralis Latin · revision 33802

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛ.nɛˈtraː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [pe.neˈtraː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''penetrālis''' (neuter penetrāle); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The OLD and Wiktionary take it as [[af|la|penetrō|-ālis|t1=to penetrate, enter]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The TLL notes that most adjectives in ⟨-ālis⟩ come from nouns, and suggests a lost ⟨*peno-t(e)ro-⟩, whose first part meant “inside”, as in [[m|la|penātēs]] and [[m|la|penitus]].^(TLL) De Vaan files [[m|la|penetrō]] under [[m|la|penus|t=provisions, store]] and thinks it may have been formed to [[m|la|penitus]] on the model of [[m|la|intrō#2]] beside [[m|la|intus]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lucretius uses it of penetrating cold and fire,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Cicero of hidden, innermost hearths.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short note that the sense “piercing” is ante-classical, in Lucretius, while “inner, innermost” is mostly poetic.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is used of the inner parts of a house or temple, as Virgil's undying fire carried out from the innermost shrine.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) The ''dī penetrālēs'' are the Penates, as in Valerius Maximus of the gods brought from Troy.^(OLD 2012) Its neuter, ''penetrāle'', is the inner part of a house or temple.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius, of penetrating cold and fire.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of innermost hearths.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of the innermost shrine.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Piercing, [[m|en|penetrating]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Inner, [[m|en|innermost]], inside a house or temple; the innermost part of.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''dī penetrālēs'': the [[m|en|Penates]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[impenetrālis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[penetrō]]

+ * [[penetrāle]]

+ * [[penātēs]]

+ * [[penitus]]

+ * [[penus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}