praevalidus Latin · revision 33791

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 180–102 BC, Lucilius|origins=ine-pro *h₂ulh₁-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [prae̯ˈwa.lɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [preˈvaː.li.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''praevalidus''' (feminine praevalida, neuter praevalidum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prae-|validus|t1=before, very|t2=strong]];^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) Lewis & Short link it with [[m|la|praevaleō|t=to be very strong, prevail]].^(Lewis & Short 1879) [[m|la|validus]] is from [[m|la|valeō|t=to be strong]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*wal-ē-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂ulh₁-eh₁-|t=to be strong]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler finds it first in Lucilius.^(Köbler 2010) In Virgil's ''Georgics'' it is used of very vigorous vines.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is outstandingly strong in body, as Livy's very powerful young man and Ovid's strong hands, or in growth, as Virgil's vines.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of states and armies it means strong in military or political power, as Livy's powerful city and Tacitus' cohorts.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Valerius Maximus uses it of a very firm character.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that it is not in Cicero or Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL finds no comparative; the superlative is in Salvian, and the Vulgate's Isaiah has ''nimis praevalidus''.^(TLL) Stelten gives “very strong, very powerful, too productive”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius, the first instance.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of vigorous vines.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of a strong young man and a powerful city.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus, of strong cohorts.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Very strong or [[m|en|powerful]] in body; vigorous in growth.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of character, very strong or firm.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Very strong in military or political power; [[m|en|prevailing]], [[m|en|prevalent]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[validus]]

+ * [[praevaleō]]

+ * [[valeō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}