terrenus Latin · revision 33785

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *ters-h₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [tɛrˈreː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [terˈrɛː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''terrēnus''' (feminine terrēna, neuter terrēnum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|terra|-ēnus|t1=earth, land]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives [[m|la|terra]] from [[itc-pro|*tersā-|t=earth]] and [[ine-pro|*ters-h₂-|t=dry land]], from the root ⟨*ters-⟩ “to dry out”, so that the word first meant “dry land”.^(de Vaan 2008) He reports Nussbaum's suggestion that the adjective was made from a locative ⟨*terrai⟩ “on the ground”;^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary also gives a possible Proto-Italic ⟨*terzeznos⟩ built directly on the neuter s-stem.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucretius,^(de Vaan 2008) and Köbler lists Cicero among its first authors.^(Köbler 2010) Cicero opposes moisture of the sea and of the land, ''marinis terrenisque umoribus'', and divides animals into those of the land and those of the water.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is “of the dry land” as opposed to the sea, then “of the ground”.^(OLD 2012) Caesar has an earthen mound, ''tumulus terrenus'', and Livy uses the neuter ''terrenum'' as a noun for soil that can be ploughed.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ovid has a furnace of baked clay.^(OLD 2012) In philosophy it is what consists of earth as one of the four elements, and Cicero applies it to the material, mortal part of man.^(OLD 2012) Apuleius and Lucan use it of the earth or the known world as against the heavens, “earthly”.^(OLD 2012) In Church Latin it is the earthly and transitory as opposed to the eternal, with ''terrēna'' “earthly things”,^(Stelten 1995) and medieval writers use it for what belongs to this world and this life.^(Niermeyer 1976) English took [[m|en|terrene]] about 1300, and [[m|en|terrain]] came in 1727 through French from the neuter used as a noun.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius has the adjective.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of land as against sea, and of the earthly part of man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar, of an earthen mound.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, of a clay furnace.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius, of the earth as the known world.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Ecclesiastical Latin – Earthly and transitory, as opposed to eternal.^(Stelten 1995)

+ * c. 1300 – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|terrene]].^(Etymonline)

+ * 1727 – English [[m|en|terrain]], through French, from the neuter used as a noun.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of the dry [[m|en|land]], as opposed to the sea;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) of animals, living on land.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of or in the ground.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Consisting of earth, [[m|en|earthy]]; made of baked clay, [[m|en|earthen]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(philosophy)'' Consisting of earth as an element; of the material part of man.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of the earth or the known world, [[m|en|terrestrial]], earthly.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' Earthly, [[m|en|transitory]], as opposed to the eternal.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(neuter, ''terrēnum'')'' Earthy matter, soil.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(neuter plural, ''terrēna'', Ecclesiastical Latin)'' Earthly things.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[subterrēnus]]

+ * [[superterrenus]]

+ * [[terrēnitās]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[terra]]

+ * [[terrestris]]

+ * [[terreus]]

+ * [[territōrium]]

+ * [[extorris]]

+ * [[en|terrene]]

+ * [[en|terrain]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}