ultrix Latin · revision 33778

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la ulcīscor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈʊɫ.triːks]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈul.triks]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ultrīx''' ''f'' (genitive ultrīcis, masculine ultor); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ulcīscor|-trīx|t1=to avenge]], the feminine of [[m|la|ultor|t=avenger]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan reconstructs [[m|la|ulcīscor]] as [[itc-pro|*ol-k-|t=to destroy, take revenge]], perhaps from [[ine-pro|*h₃elh₁-|t=to perish]], but finds none of the proposed etymologies compelling, including the old derivation from [[m|la|ulcus|t=sore, ulcer]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Virgil,^(Köbler 2010) who calls the Furies ''Dirae ultrices'', “avenging Dirae”, in the fourth book of the ''Aeneid''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a poetic word, an adjective used with feminine and neuter nouns.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Virgil applies it to Tisiphone armed with her whip and to avenging Cares, and it becomes a title of the Furies and other agents of retribution.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Seneca has avenging goddesses and an avenging right hand, and Claudian avenging anger.^(Lewis & Short 1879) As a noun it is a female avenger or punisher.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of the Furies and the avenging Cares.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca, of avenging goddesses.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|avenging|alt=Avenging]], exacting [[m|en|retribution]], [[m|en|vengeful]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # As a title of the [[m|en|Furies]] and other agents of retribution.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A female [[m|en|avenger]], punisher.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ulcīscor]]

+ * [[ultor]]

+ * [[ultiō]]

+ * [[inultus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}