suffodio Latin · revision 33770

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 50 BC, Caesar|origins=ine-pro *bʰodʰ-i-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sʊfˈfɔ.di.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [sufˈfɔː.di.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''suffodiō''' (present infinitive suffodere, perfect active suffōdī, supine suffossum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''subf-''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|sub-|fodiō|t1=under|t2=to dig]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|fodiō]] to [[itc-pro|*foþ-i-]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰodʰ-i-|t=to poke, dig]], cognate with [[lt|bèsti|t=to stick, drive in, dig]] and [[hit|padda-i|t=to dig]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Caesar has it in the ''Gallic War'', of horses stabbed from below so that many of the cavalry were thrown.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short call it classical but not found in Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Its main sense is to dig or tunnel under, especially under a wall so as to bring it down: the ''Bellum Alexandrinum'' says that nearly all Alexandria is undermined, with tunnels that bring water into the houses.^(OLD 2012) Curtius has armed men coming out of a tunnel dug underneath without a trace.^(OLD 2012) The other sense is to stab from below, used of horses in Caesar, Livy and Tacitus, and of the groin in Suetonius.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Church Latin has “dig below, undermine”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar, of horses stabbed from below.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of horses stabbed in the flank.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Curtius, of a tunnel dug under a city.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus, of horses stabbed from below.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To dig, burrow or [[m|en|tunnel]] under; to [[m|en|undermine]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To dig a cavity underneath.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To stab or pierce from below.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[suffossiō]]

+ * [[suffossus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fodiō]]

+ * [[fossa]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}