calvus Latin · revision 33762

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *klH-e/ou̯o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkaɫ.wʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkal.vus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''calvus''' (feminine calva, neuter calvum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kale/owo-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*klH-e/ou̯o-|t=bald]].^(de Vaan 2008) Since ⟨*lw⟩ gives Latin ⟨ll⟩, de Vaan explains, the word must come from ⟨*kalVwo-⟩ with a vowel between the consonants.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with the Oscan personal name [[m|osc|kalúvieis]], “of Calvius”, and with [[sa|कुल्व|tr=kulvá|t=bald]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD compares a Persian word as well.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) who has a man with his head shaved, ''raso capite calvus'', in the ''Amphitruo''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan dates it from Pomponius.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is bald, whether by nature or from shaving.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucilius jokes that all the young men of Myconos are bald, and Phaedrus uses it as a noun, “a bald man”.^(OLD 2012) Cato applies it to smooth kinds of nuts, and to a vineyard bare of vines.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that it is rare and does not occur in Lucretius, Cicero, Horace or Virgil;^(Lewis & Short 1879) Petronius and Suetonius have it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''Calvus'' was the cognomen of several Roman families, above all of the poet and orator Gaius Licinius Calvus.^(OLD 2012) The cognomen ''Calvīnus'' formed from it lies behind the surname [[m|en|Calvin]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of a man with a shaved head.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato, of smooth nuts and bare vineyards.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius, of the bald youth of Myconos.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 15 BC–c. 50 AD – Phaedrus, “a bald man”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|bald|alt=Bald]], [[m|en|hairless]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Having the head shaved.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of nuts, smooth.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of things, bare, stripped.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A bald person.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[calva]]

+ * [[calvitium]]

+ * [[calvāria]]

+ * [[recalvus]]

+ * [[en|Calvin]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}