castrensis Latin · revision 33759

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=itc-pro *kastro-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kasˈtrẽː.sɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kasˈtrɛn.sis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''castrēnsis''' (neuter castrēnse); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ An inscription has ''castriēnsis''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|castra|-ēnsis|t1=camp]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|castrum]], plural [[m|la|castra]], to [[itc-pro|*kastro-|t=part, share]], perhaps from [[ine-pro|*ḱs-tro-]];^(de Vaan 2008) Walde–Hofmann and Ernout–Meillet explained it as a “cut-off part”, whence a fenced area and a camp.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero has it first,^(Köbler 2010) in the ''Pro Caelio'', of the life of military service, ''castrensis ratio ac militaris''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is “of military service”, as Propertius' arms useful in war, and opposed to civil life: Varro defines a truce as a camp peace of a few days.^(OLD 2012) In law ''peculium castrense'' is property a son acquired through military service, which the jurist Gaius discusses.^(OLD 2012) It is also “of a camp”: the ''corona castrensis'' was the crown given to the first man to fight his way into the enemy's camp, as Gellius explains, and Livy has a camp triumph.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Elder calls a word “a soldiers' word”.^(OLD 2012) In imperial inscriptions it seems to refer to the emperor's military expenses or equipment.^(OLD 2012) In medieval Latin it is “of a castle”, and as a noun a castle garrison, a vassal owing castle-guard and a castellan.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of military service.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro, “a truce is a camp peace”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of a camp triumph.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius, on the ''corona castrensis''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Medieval Latin – Of a castle; a castle garrison; a castellan.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of [[m|en|military]] service or administration; of arms and equipment; opposed to civil.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(law)'' ''peculium castrense'': property acquired through military service.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of a [[m|en|camp]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995) ''corona castrensis'', the crown for the first man into the enemy's camp.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Used by or typical of soldiers.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Of a [[m|en|castle]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(plural)'' The occupants of a camp.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A castle garrison; a vassal owing castle-guard; a [[m|en|castellan]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[castrensiani]]

+ * [[castrensiarius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[castra]]

+ * [[castrum]]

+ * [[castellum]]

+ * [[mīlitāris]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}