capra Latin · revision 33757

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *kapro-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈka.pra]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkaː.pra]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''capra''' ''f'' (genitive caprae, masculine caper); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the feminine of [[m|la|caper|t=he-goat]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces [[m|la|caper]] to [[itc-pro|*kapro-|t=he-goat]], with cognates in [[xum|kaprum|t=he-goat]], [[grc|κάπρος|tr=kápros|t=wild boar]] and [[non|hafr|t=he-goat]]; since no single Proto-Indo-European word for “goat” can be reconstructed and ⟨*kap-⟩ is close to Celtic ⟨*gab-ro-⟩, he thinks a loanword more likely than a root ⟨*kh₂p-⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it first:^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008) in the ''Mercator'' a man dreams that he has bought a beautiful she-goat.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the she-goat, in the farming writers Varro and Columella, in Pliny the Elder and in Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero reports that wild goats in Crete, hit by poisoned arrows, look for the herb dittany, which makes the arrows fall out.^(TLL) Virgil uses it of wild goats.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Suetonius records it as a nickname for a man with bristly hair.^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''Caprae palus'', the Goat's Marsh, was part of the Campus Martius where, in Livy, Romulus held an assembly to review the army.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Ennius uses it for the star Capella in Auriga, and Seneca reports that Aristotle called a kind of meteor “the goat”.^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary also gives the sense “the smell of the armpits”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of a she-goat in a dream.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius, of the star Capella.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of the wild goats of Crete.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of the Goat's Marsh.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca, of a meteor called “the goat”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A she-goat, [[m|en|nanny goat]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Caprae palus'': a place in the [[m|en|Campus Martius]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # The star [[m|en|Capella]] in [[m|en|Auriga]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A kind of [[m|en|meteor]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # The smell of the armpits.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[capella#1]]

+ * [[caprārius]]

+ * [[caprimulgus]]

+ * [[rūpicapra]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[caper]]

+ * [[caprea]]

+ * [[caprīnus]]

+ * [[haedus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}