lupinus Latin · revision 33756

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la lupus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɫʊˈpiː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [luˈpiː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lupīnus''' (feminine lupīna, neuter lupīnum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ As the name of the plant it is masculine ''lupīnus'' or neuter ''lupīnum''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|lupus|-īnus|t1=wolf]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The plant was named after the wolf as well, the neuter [[m|la|lupīnum]] being used as a noun.^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) For [[m|la|lupus]], de Vaan sets out two views: the traditional one, from [[ine-pro|*wĺ̥kʷos|t=wolf]] through a Sabellic form ⟨*lupo-⟩, and his own alternative from a root ⟨*ulp-⟩ “marten”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds the adjective first in Plautus,^(TLL)^(de Vaan 2008) in the ''Casina''.^(OLD 2012) Ennius has someone waiting, eager and tall, ready to spring like a wolf.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The plant appears in Cato.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is “of a wolf”: Cicero has a she-wolf's teats in the third speech against Catiline, Propertius a mane of wolfskin, and Pliny the Elder a wolf's pelt.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means wolf-like, as Ennius' spring and the gaping jaws in Prudentius.^(Lewis & Short 1879) As a noun it is the lupine, the plant and its bean: Cato tells where lupine will grow well, Virgil calls it bitter, and Columella, Pliny and Palladius discuss it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lupines served on the stage as mock money, hence Horace's proverb of a man who knows the difference between coins and lupines.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin has “wolfish”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|lupine]] “wolf-like” came from it through French in the 1650s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has the adjective.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato, of the lupine plant.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of the she-wolf's teats.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of the bitter lupine.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1650s – English [[m|en|lupine]] “wolf-like”, through French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of a [[m|en|wolf]]; made of wolfskin.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Wolf-like, [[m|en|wolfish]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|lupine]], the plant and its bean.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Mock money used on the stage.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[lupillus]]

+ * [[lupinaceus]]

+ * [[lupīnārius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lupus]]

+ * [[lupa]]

+ * [[vulpīnus]]

+ * [[en|lupine]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}