moderator Latin · revision 33753

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *med-o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [mɔ.dɛˈraː.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [mo.deˈraː.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''moderātor''' ''m'' (genitive moderātōris, feminine moderātrīx); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The feminine is ''moderātrīx''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|moderor|-tor|t1=to regulate, control]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|moderor]] is built on the stem of [[m|la|modus|t=measure]],^(Wiktionary) which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*medo-|t=measure, judgement]] and [[ine-pro|*med-o-|t=measure]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Naevius has it first,^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) in a tragedy: ''trionum hic moderator rusticus'', “this country driver of plough-oxen”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is first someone who guides or handles something: Ovid has a driver of horses and, for an angler, the “guider of the rod”, and Claudian a wool-comber.^(Lewis & Short 1879) More often it is one who controls or governs: Cicero has the ruler and director of so great a work, and asks where the managers of the public meetings were.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) It is also one who restrains, as Cicero's shame, the check on desire, and in Ovid there is no one to put a limit to an evil.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Martial has it of a tutor of the young.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin uses it of a guide, director or adviser, a confessor and a religious superior.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius, of a driver of oxen.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of a ruler, a manager and a restraint.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, of a driver and an angler.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial, of a tutor.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Ecclesiastical Latin – A spiritual director, a confessor, a superior.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # One who guides or handles something; a driver.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A [[m|en|governor]], ruler, master, [[m|en|director]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # One who restrains or checks.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # One who regulates or determines; a [[m|en|moderator]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A spiritual director, adviser, [[m|en|confessor]]; a superior.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[moderor]]

+ * [[moderātiō]]

+ * [[modus]]

+ * [[modestus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}