apparitor Latin · revision 33743

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *peh₂-s-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [apˈpaː.rɪ.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [apˈpaː.ri.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''appāritor''' ''m'' (genitive appāritōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''adp-''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|appāreō|-tor|t1=to appear; to attend on]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|appāreō]] is a compound of [[m|la|ad|t=to]] and [[m|la|pāreō|t=to appear; to obey]], which de Vaan reconstructs as [[itc-pro|*pās-ē-]], perhaps from [[ine-pro|*peh₂-s-|t=to watch, see]]; he compares [[sq|pashë|t=I saw]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler find it first in Cato.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is an attendant on a magistrate, such as a lictor, servant or clerk, and Lewis & Short add scribes, military aides and attendants of priests.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero uses it in the speeches against Verres and in the ''Philippics''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In a letter to his brother he uses it figuratively, wishing that the lictor be the attendant not of his own mildness but of his brother's.^(OLD 2012) Livy, Suetonius and the ''Bellum Africum'' have it, and so does the Code of Justinian.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The ancient glossaries explain it as those who obey and serve a commander.^(TLL) In medieval Latin it is a subordinate of a public officer who carries out orders, and also an armed servant or squire.^(Niermeyer 1976) Church Latin has “servant, usher”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato has the word.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of magistrates' attendants.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of attendants.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Medieval Latin – An officer's subordinate; a squire.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An attendant on a [[m|en|magistrate]], a [[m|en|lictor]], servant, clerk.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' An attendant, servant of a quality.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A servant, [[m|en|usher]].^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A subordinate of a public officer; an armed servant, [[m|en|squire]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[apparitorius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[appāritiō]]

+ * [[appāreō]]

+ * [[pāreō]]

+ * [[līctor]]

+ * [[minister]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}