candelabrum Latin · revision 33739

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=itc-pro *kand-ē-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kan.deːˈɫaː.brũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kan.deˈlaː.brum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''candēlābrum''' ''n'' (genitive candēlābrī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Caecilius uses it as a masculine, ''candelabrum ardentem''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+ Petronius has ''candēlābrus'', and Arnobius cites ''candēlāber''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|candēla|-brum|t1=candle]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|candēla]] is from [[m|la|candeō|t=to shine]],^(Wiktionary) which de Vaan takes back to [[itc-pro|*kand-ē-|t=to shine]]; if it belongs with a root ⟨*knd-⟩, its ⟨a⟩ arose in formations such as ⟨*knd-ro-⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) He compares [[cy|cann|t=brilliant]] and [[sa|चन्द्र|tr=candrá-|t=brilliant]].^(de Vaan 2008) Varro, Festus and Isidore already derived it from [[m|la|candēla]], Isidore as if it were “candle-bearer”.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler and de Vaan date it from Cato.^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a stand for candles or lamps, a candlestick or lampstand,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) sometimes of costly workmanship: Cicero's ''Verrines'' tell of one made of precious stones.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Servius reports that the older ones had hooks for candles or pitch-covered cords.^(TLL) The Bible versions use it for the golden lampstand of Exodus,^(TLL) and in Church Latin it is a candlestick or chandelier.^(Stelten 1995) British medieval texts use it for household candlesticks and for the church candlesticks, including the Easter candlestick.^(DMLBS) Through Old French it gave Middle English ''chaundeler'' and English [[m|en|chandelier]] (1736); English took [[m|en|candelabrum]] itself in 1811.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato has the word.^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of a jewelled candelabrum.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate, of the golden lampstand.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Medieval Latin – Church candlesticks, among them the Easter candlestick.^(DMLBS)

+ * 1736 – English [[m|en|chandelier]], through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1811 – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|candelabrum]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A stand for burning [[m|en|candle|alt=candles]] or [[m|en|lamp|alt=lamps]], a [[m|en|candlestick]], [[m|en|lampstand]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A candlestick; a [[m|en|chandelier]].^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A church candlestick; the Easter candlestick.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[candēlābrārius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[candēla]]

+ * [[candeō]]

+ * [[en|candelabrum]]

+ * [[en|chandelier]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}