adhortatio Latin · revision 33731

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''adhortātiō''' ''f'' (genitive adhortātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|adhortor|-tiō|t1=to encourage, urge]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero has it in ''De oratore'', setting aside his own exhortation to come to the speakers' discussion.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Köbler dates it from Livy.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a speech or words meant to persuade, an appeal or encouragement.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Livy it is often military: the exhortations each army needed at that moment, a general's appeal not heard for the shouting of men demanding battle, and a letter ending with an exhortation to take up the war.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Curtius has soldiers strengthened by mutual exhortation, and Seneca sets exhortations against dissuasions.^(Georges 1913) A grammarian defines it as urging towards something.^(Georges 1913) Church Latin has “exhortation, encouragement”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, in ''De oratore''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of exhortations to soldiers.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Curtius, of mutual encouragement.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A persuasive speech, an [[m|en|appeal]], [[m|en|exhortation]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(military)'' Words of [[m|en|encouragement]] to soldiers.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' An exhortation meant to win the audience's consent.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[adhortor]]

+ * [[hortor]]

+ * [[cohortātiō]]

+ * [[exhortātiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}