gramineus Latin · revision 33727

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰrh₁-(s-)mn-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɡraːˈmɪ.ne.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ɡraˈmiː.ne.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''grāmineus''' (feminine grāminea, neuter grāmineum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|grāmen|-eus|t1=grass]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|grāmen]] to [[itc-pro|*grā(s)men-]] and [[ine-pro|*ǵʰrh₁-(s-)mn-|t=grass]], cognate with [[goh|gras|t=grass]] and [[ang|grōwan|t=to grow]]; since the word is found only in Latin and Germanic, he thinks a substrate origin possible.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Cicero on,^(TLL) who in the ''Verrines'' uses it of spears of bamboo, a kind of reed.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The TLL notes that hexameter poets are fond of it.^(TLL) It means covered with grass, as Virgil's grassy plain, Ovid's meadow and Statius' grassy bank,^(OLD 2012) and made of grass or turf, as Virgil's turf altars and Lucan's hearths.^(OLD 2012) The ''corōna grāminea'' was the siege crown of grass: in Livy the legions place one on Decius, and Pliny the Elder and Gellius describe it.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Grammarians distinguished it from ''grāminōsus''.^(TLL) The TLL gives it as the source of Italian [[m|it|gramigna]].^(TLL) English [[m|en|gramineous]] was borrowed in the 1650s, and botany took from it the family name ''Gramineae''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of bamboo spears.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of a grassy plain and turf altars.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of the grass crown.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1650s – English [[m|en|gramineous]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Covered with [[m|en|grass]], [[m|en|grassy]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Made of grass or [[m|en|turf]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) ''corōna grāminea'', the grass crown given for raising a siege.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # Of [[m|en|bamboo]] or reed.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[grāmen]]

+ * [[en|gramineous]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}