congestus Latin · revision 33718

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *h₂ǵ-es-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''congestus''' ''m'' (genitive ''congestūs''); fourth declension^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|congerō|-tus|t1=to bring together, heap up]], a fourth-declension noun of action.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Georges 1913) De Vaan lists [[m|la|congerō]] among the compounds of [[m|la|gerō|t=to carry]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*ges-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂ǵ-es-|t=to carry]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lucretius has a great heap of sand,^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) and Cicero's ''De divinatione'' grass that grew where birds had carried material together, not from human sowing.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short call it rare and mostly post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is the bringing together of things: Seneca speaks of greed set on piling up great wealth, and Tacitus of towns stripped by deliveries of supplies.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) It is also the heaping up of things and the heap itself: Seneca has likenesses of houses raised from heaped sand, Lucan altars of piled turf, Columella a heap of stalks and leaves, and Tacitus the city that does not stand by roofs and a heap of stones.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it is a great accumulation: Seneca has the concourse of things from the whole world, and Quintilian says that a wealth of matter is only a heap unless it is arranged.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius, of a heap of sand.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of birds carrying material together.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca, of the heaping up of wealth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus, of a heap of stones.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A bringing together, assembling; of birds, a carrying together of nest material.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # A heaping up; a [[m|en|heap]], [[m|en|pile]], mass.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A large collection, [[m|en|accumulation]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[congerō]]

+ * [[gerō]]

+ * [[congeriēs]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Congestus'' is also the participle of [[congerō]], “heaped up, crowded together”;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ausonius has the comparative ''congestior'', “fuller”.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}