ingravesco Latin · revision 33715

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *gʷreh₂-u-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ingravēscō''' (present infinitive ingravēscere); third conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stems^(Wiktionary)

+ Lucretius has it in tmesis, ''inque gravēscunt''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Ammianus writes ''-isc-'', and ''ingravātus sum'' serves as its perfect.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|gravēscō|t2=to grow heavy]],^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) from [[m|la|gravis|t=heavy]].^(TLL) Wiktionary analyses it as [[m|la|ingravō]] with the inchoative suffix [[m|la|-ēscō]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|gravis]] to [[itc-pro|*gʷra(w)u-]] and [[ine-pro|*gʷreh₂-u-|t=heavy]];^(de Vaan 2008) cognate with [[sa|गुरु|tr=gurú-|t=heavy]] and [[grc|βαρύς|tr=barús|t=heavy]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Cicero and Lucretius on.^(TLL) Cicero speaks of age growing heavier and of bodies made heavy by the fatigue of exercise.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Besides growing heavy, as Seneca's clouds from the south, it is used of old age and of air that grows stifling.^(OLD 2012) More often it means to grow stronger or worse: Lucretius has winds gathering force, Cicero a disease growing worse, an internal evil that worsens daily, and a rising price of grain that made famine feared.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Younger has a dying woman growing worse, and Tacitus a man sinking deeper through false reports.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius also uses it of women becoming pregnant.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin has “become serious”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of old age and of worsening disease.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius, of winds gathering force.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca, of clouds growing heavy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus, of a man sinking deeper.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To grow [[m|en|heavy]] or heavier; of air, to grow stifling.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To grow stronger; of troubles and diseases, to grow [[m|en|worse]], become serious.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of prices, to rise.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(poetic)'' To become [[m|en|pregnant]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gravis]]

+ * [[gravēscō]]

+ * [[ingravō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}