perosus Latin · revision 33713

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1st century BC, Virgil and Livy|origins=ine-pro *h₃e-h₃(o)d-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛˈroː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [peˈrɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''perōsus''' (feminine perōsa, neuter perōsum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[der|la|perōdī|t=to hate greatly]], its participle, made of [[m|la|per-]] and [[m|la|ōdī|t=to hate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary notes that the prefixed form replaced plain [[m|la|ōsus]] in this function by the end of the Republic,^(Wiktionary) and Festus already remarks that the old form was found in Gaius Gracchus, while the form with the prefix was the usual one in his day.^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|ōdī]] to [[itc-pro|*ōd-|t=to hate]] and the perfect [[ine-pro|*h₃e-h₃(o)d-|t=to hate]], cognate with [[grc|ὀδύσσασθαι|tr=odússasthai|t=to be angry]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Virgil has ''lucem perosi'', “loathing the light”,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) and Livy says the plebs had come to hate the name of consuls.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is active, “hating, loathing”, and also “weary of”:^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary) Livy has men hating the crimes of the decemvirs, Ovid hating Crete and a long exile, and Curtius hating solitude;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Augustus writes in a letter quoted by Suetonius, “if they do not hate the Roman people”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Prudentius has it with a genitive.^(Georges 1913) From Late Latin on it is also passive, “hated, hateful”: Juvencus has a hated marriage, and Tertullian one hateful to God and the comparative ''perōsior''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary) Apuleius has the adverb ''perōsē''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin has “hating”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, “loathing the light”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of hating the name of consuls.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, of hating exile.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 160–220 AD – Tertullian, “hateful”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|hating|alt=Hating]], [[m|en|loathing]], detesting; weary of.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' Hated, [[m|en|hateful]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ōsus]]

+ * [[exōsus]]

+ * [[ōdī]]

+ * [[perōdī]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}