pulverulentus Latin · revision 33708

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=2nd/1st century BC, Laevius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pʊɫ.wɛ.rʊˈɫɛn.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [pul.ve.ruˈlɛn.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pulverulentus''' (feminine pulverulenta, neuter pulverulentum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|pulvis|-ulentus|t1=dust]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan reconstructs [[m|la|pulvis]] as [[itc-pro|*pe/olaw(-is)-|t=dust]] and reports the derivation, in Walde–Hofmann and Pokorny, from ⟨*pelH-u-⟩ “chaff”, seen in [[sa|पलाव|tr=palā́va-|t=chaff, husk]] and [[lt|pẽlūs|t=chaff]].^(de Vaan 2008) Servius explains it as full of dust, as one says [[m|la|vīnolentus]] for full of wine.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Laevius.^(Köbler 2010) Varro compares bees that are hairy and rough to dusty ones,^(OLD 2012) and Cicero writes of a hot and dusty road.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is covered with or full of dust: Lucretius has dusty Ceres, Virgil a dusty summer, dusty columns of hunters and the Rutulians' dusty flight,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) and Seneca says that of two equally good men one prefers the neat and anointed to the dusty and unkempt.^(OLD 2012) Quintilian notes that not everyone who is dusty has come from a journey.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is what costs toil: Ovid has the dusty prizes of soldiering, and Seneca a dusty, toiling virtue.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Scribonius Largus uses it of particles that stay gritty.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 2nd/1st century BC – Laevius has the word.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro, of dusty bees.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of a dusty road.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of a dusty summer.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, of the toilsome prizes of war.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Covered with or full of [[m|en|dust]], [[m|en|dusty]]; raising dust.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Like specks of dust, [[m|en|gritty]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Toilsome, won with toil.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pulvis]]

+ * [[pulverō]]

+ * [[en|pulverulent]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}