retundo Latin · revision 33686

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *(s)tu-n-d-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛˈtʊn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [reˈtun.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''retundō''' (present infinitive retundere, perfect active rettudī or retudī, supine retūsum or retūnsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The perfect is ''rettudī'' or ''retudī'', the participle ''retūsus'' or ''retūnsus'', the latter in Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|re-|tundō|t2=to beat, pound]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|tundō]] to [[itc-pro|*(s)tund-|t=to thrust]] and [[ine-pro|*(s)tu-n-d-|t=to thrust]], a nasal present.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|तुदति|tr=tudáti|t=thrusts]] and [[sga|do·tuit|t=to fall]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) where a man put in charge of a province with an axe objects that the axe is blunt, ''at haec retunsast''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal sense is to beat back the edge of something sharp, to make it blunt:^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero speaks of blunting the swords drawn against the state.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Celsus uses the participle of a hook with a widened angle.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to check the force of a person or thing, to repress or quell: Terence has the wish to curb a spirit that now melts away in luxury.^(OLD 2012) It is also to abate a condition or blunt someone's speech or actions, and in Silius to weaken a person's fortunes.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin has it as to blunt, dull, deaden, weaken.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of a blunted axe.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence, of curbing a spirit.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of blunting swords.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 25–101 AD – Silius Italicus, of weakened fortunes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make [[m|en|blunt]] by beating, dull the edge of;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) to beat back, drive back.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To check, [[m|en|repress]], quell;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) to abate, deaden.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|weaken]], impair.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[irretūsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[retūsus]]

+ * [[tundō]]

+ * [[obtundō]]

+ * [[contundō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}