xystus Latin · revision 33682

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=grc ξυστός}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈksys.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈksis.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''xystus''' ''m'' (genitive xystī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It also occurs as a neuter, ''xystum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|ξυστός|tr=xustós|t=covered colonnade]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) a covered colonnade in Greek gymnasia, from the adjective [[m|grc|ξυστός|tr=xustós|t=scraped, smoothed]].^(Köbler 2010) Köbler connects it with [[ine-pro|*kseu-|t=to scratch]].^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who uses it in his letters to Atticus and in the ''Brutus'' and ''Academica''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Among the Greeks it was a covered portico where athletes exercised in winter;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Vitruvius explains the Greek name so.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Among the Romans it was an open-air walk, a colonnade or a walk planted with trees, for recreation, conversation and philosophical discussion,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) in Cicero, Seneca, Pliny the Younger, Suetonius and Phaedrus.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin has it as a walk planted with trees.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of a walk for conversation.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius, of the Greek athletes' covered portico.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An open-air walk, a [[m|en|colonnade]] or a walk planted with trees.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A covered [[m|en|portico]] for athletic exercise.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}