summergo Latin · revision 33677

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *mesg-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sʊmˈmɛr.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [sumˈmɛr.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''summergō''' (present infinitive summergere, perfect active summersī, supine summersum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''submergō'', the form under which the OLD lists it.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|sub-|mergō|t2=to dip, plunge]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|mergō]] to [[itc-pro|*mezge/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*mesg-e/o-|t=to sink, wash]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|मज्जन्ति|tr=májjanti|t=they sink]] and [[lt|mazgóti|t=to wash]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucretius.^(de Vaan 2008) Cicero has a horse swallowed up by a whirlpool, ''summersus equus voraginibus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to cause to sink, to plunge under water, and is most often passive.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Caesar and Tacitus use it of sunken ships, Columella of pickles kept under brine, and Ovid of iron sunk in water.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil speaks of sinking men in the sea, and Livy has people almost sunk by storms.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Justin says that all lands were once under the deep.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The figurative use is late and rare: Claudian has virtue sunk in darkness, and Arnobius uses it for suppressing a text.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin has it as to sink, dip, plunge, drown.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|submerse]] (early 15th century) came from its participle, and [[m|en|submerge]] (about 1600) from French or directly from Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of a horse swallowed up by a whirlpool.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar, of a sunken ship.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English [[m|en|submerse]], from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1600 – English [[m|en|submerge]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To cause to [[m|en|sink]], [[m|en|submerge]], plunge under water.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To overwhelm;^(Wiktionary) ''(Late Latin)'' to bury, suppress.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[summersiō]]

+ * [[summersus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mergō]]

+ * [[immergō]]

+ * [[ēmergō]]

+ * [[en|submerge]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}