dolo Latin · revision 33671

+ {{homograph|1|hew}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *dolh₁-ie/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈdɔ.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈdɔː.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dolō''' (present infinitive dolāre, perfect active dolāvī, supine dolātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Varro has a participle ''dolītus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The verb “to hew” is [[inh|itc-pro|*dolaje-]], from [[ine-pro|*dolh₁-ie/o-|t=to cut repeatedly]] or [[m|ine-pro|*d(e)lh₁-ie/o-|t=to cut]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan notes that the Latin stem may continue either an e-grade or an o-grade, and that the noun [[m|la|dolābra|t=pick]] suggests a primary verb rather than one made from a noun.^(de Vaan 2008) He compares [[lt|dìlti|t=to wear off, disappear]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Cato says that the farmer will fell, hew and saw the timber, ''materiem succidet, dolabit, secabit''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to hew or chop into shape with an axe:^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero has oak being hewn.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Horace uses it of beating a boatman's back with a cudgel.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it means to fashion or devise.^(Wiktionary) Church Latin keeps the sense to hew with an axe.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato, of hewing timber.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of hewing oak.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace, of cudgelling.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|hew]] or chop into shape.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|batter]], beat.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To fashion, devise.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dolābra]]

+ * [[dolāmen]]

+ * [[dolātilis]]

+ * [[dolātōrium]]

+ * [[ēdolō]]

+ * [[dēdolō]]

+

+ {{homograph|2|pike}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=grc δόλων}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈdɔ.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈdɔː.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dolō''' ''m'' (genitive dolōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The nominative is also ''dolōn''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The pike is [[bor|grc|δόλων|tr=dólōn]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) which Wiktionary derives from [[m|grc|δόλος|tr=dólos|t=bait, trick]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Varro,^(Köbler 2010) who, as Servius reports, describes it as a huge pole with a very short iron point.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a weapon with a wooden shaft and a short iron point:^(OLD 2012) Virgil has men carrying javelins and cruel ''dolōnēs'' into war,^(OLD 2012) and Silius uses it too.^(Lewis & Short 1879) A scholiast on Virgil calls it a sword with a very sharp, thin blade, and Suetonius uses it of a hidden dagger in a cane.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy uses it of a ship's topsail, raised to put out to sea.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro, of a pole with an iron point.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of a weapon of war.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of a topsail.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius, of a dagger hidden in a cane.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|pike]] with a short iron point;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) a sword-stick, hidden [[m|en|dagger]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|topsail]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}