racemus Latin · revision 33667

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=1st century BC, Furius Bibaculus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [raˈkeː.mʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [raˈt͡ʃɛː.mus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''racēmus''' ''m'' (genitive racēmī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Gregory of Tours and Gregory the Great write ''racimus''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably a loanword from a Mediterranean language;^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) the OLD suggests it is pre-Indo-European.^(OLD 2012) Compare [[grc|ῥάξ|tr=rháx|t=grape]] and [[m|grc|ῥώξ|tr=rhṓx|t=grape]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Furius Bibaculus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a bunch or cluster of grapes or other fruit:^(OLD 2012) Virgil has the vine bearing clusters, and Ovid, Propertius and Horace use it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Elder uses it of the stalk of a cluster, on which grapes and dates hang.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In poetry it stands for wine: Ovid tells the river god Achelous that he was once mixed with no grapes.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin has it as cluster.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|raceme]] (1785) is a type of flower cluster; in Middle English the word meant a raisin or currant.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1st century BC – Furius Bibaculus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of clusters on the vine.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, of wine.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder, of the stalk of a cluster.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1785 – English [[m|en|raceme]], a flower cluster.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A bunch or [[m|en|cluster]] of grapes or other fruit.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The stalk of a cluster.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(poetic)'' [[m|en|wine|alt=Wine]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[racēmārius]]

+ * [[racēmātus]]

+ * [[racēmifer]]

+ * [[racēmōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|raceme]]

+ * [[en|raisin]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}