exaro Latin · revision 33644

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *h₂erh₃-ie/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɛk.sa.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɛk.sa.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exarō''' (present infinitive exarāre, perfect active exarāvī, supine exarātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|arō|t2=to plough]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|arō]] to [[itc-pro|*araje/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂erh₃-ie/o-|t=to plough]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[mga|airim|t=to plough]], [[grc|ἀρόω|tr=aróō|t=to plough]] and [[lt|árti|t=to plough]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Cato on;^(TLL) Cato writes of ploughing up roots, ''radices exarabit''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is to remove or destroy by ploughing, to plough up or dig up, as roots or, in Cicero's ''De legibus'', tombs.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to plough land: Varro says that a ''iugum'' is what a yoke of oxen can plough in a day.^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it of producing by tillage, money that the farmer does not raise from the soil.^(OLD 2012) It also means to write, to pen: Cicero tells Atticus he has scribbled a little letter as he left his villa.^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary also gives a figurative sense “to flog severely”.^(Wiktionary) Church Latin has it as to write on wax, to plough, to dig up, and to print.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato, of ploughing up roots.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro, of ploughing land.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of writing a letter.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|plough]] up, dig up, destroy by ploughing.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To plough, [[m|en|till]] land.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To produce by tillage.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To write, properly with a [[m|en|stylus]] on wax, to pen.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To [[m|en|flog]] severely.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exarātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[arō]]

+ * [[arātrum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}