firmitudo Latin · revision 33643

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *dʰer-mo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [fɪr.mɪˈtuː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [fir.miˈtuː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''firmitūdō''' ''f'' (genitive firmitūdinis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|firmus|-tūdō|t1=firm]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|firmus]] to [[itc-pro|*fermo-]] and [[ine-pro|*dʰer-mo-|t=holding]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|धर्मन्|tr=dhárman-|t=support, firm hold, law]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) in whom someone says “if you keep that firmness of mind, we are saved”, ''si istam firmitudinem animi optines, salvi sumus''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of things it is strength or durability: Caesar writes that the Roman ships could not harm the enemy's with their beaks, so great was their strength, and writes of the firmness of the bridge.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it of the steadiness of the voice, and Cicero of the stability of a constitution.^(OLD 2012) Tacitus uses it of a person's soundness of health.^(OLD 2012) Of a person or mind it is firmness of purpose, steadfastness,^(OLD 2012) and of a promise reliability, as when Cicero doubts that a safe-conduct from that man will have any reliability.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note it is less frequent than [[firmitās]] but classical.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of firmness of mind.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of the stability of a constitution.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar, of the strength of ships and a bridge.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus, of soundness of health.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|strength|alt=Strength]], [[m|en|durability]], [[m|en|firmness]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) soundness of health;^(OLD 2012) steadiness of the voice.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|stability|alt=Stability]], permanence.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Firmness of purpose, [[m|en|steadfastness]], constancy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|reliability|alt=Reliability]];^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) of arguments, force.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[firmāmentum]]

+ * [[firmitās]]

+ * [[firmiter]]

+ * [[firmō]]

+ * [[firmus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}