commotus Latin · revision 33633

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=ine-pro *m(i̯)euh₁-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''commōtus''' (feminine ''commōta'', neuter ''commōtum''); first/second-declension adjective; comparative ''commōtior'', superlative ''commōtissimus''^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the perfect passive participle [[der|la|commoveō|t=to stir up, agitate]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) [[m|la|commoveō]] is a compound of [[m|la|con-]] and [[m|la|moveō|t=to move]],^(de Vaan 2008) which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*mow(a)-]] and [[ine-pro|*m(i̯)euh₁-|t=to move]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Terence has it of agitation: “why does he come so agitated?”, ''quid illic commotus venit?''^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means excited or nervous;^(OLD 2012) of style, Cicero calls that of Antonius forceful, vehement and excited in delivery.^(OLD 2012) ''Commōta mēns'' is a frenzied or deranged mind, as in Cicero's lover, madman or drunkard.^(OLD 2012) It also means angry, annoyed or irritated, as in Seneca's man made angrier by some offence, and liable to anger: Tacitus calls Agrippina somewhat hot-tempered, ''paulo commotior''.^(OLD 2012) Of conditions it is tempestuous or unsettled, as when Seneca warns against falling into a thing unsettled and uncontrolled.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence, of agitation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of an excited style and a deranged mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca, of anger and of unsettled conditions.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus, of a quick temper.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|excited|alt=Excited]], [[m|en|nervous]];^(OLD 2012) of style, vehement;^(OLD 2012) ''commōta mēns'', a deranged mind.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|angry|alt=Angry]], annoyed, irritated;^(OLD 2012) quick-tempered.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of conditions: [[m|en|tempestuous]], unsettled.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[commoveō]]

+ * [[commōtiō]]

+ * [[moveō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A rare noun ''commōtus, -ūs'', “movement, agitation”, is found in Varro and in Caelius Aurelianus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}