enervis Latin · revision 33631

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=4 BC–65 AD, Seneca|origins=ine-pro *snéh₁-ur}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [eːˈnɛr.wɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eˈnɛr.vis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ēnervis''' (neuter ēnerve, adverb ēnerviter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ A second-declension form ''ēnervus'' is found in Apuleius.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ The adverb is ''ēnerviter''.^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|ex-]] and [[m|la|nervus|t=sinew]] with the adjective ending ⟨-is⟩;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) compare [[m|la|ēnervō|t=to enervate]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|nervus]] to [[itc-pro|*(s)nēuro-]] and [[ine-pro|*snéh₁-ur|t=sinew]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|स्नावन्|tr=snā́van|t=sinew]] and [[grc|νεῦρον|tr=neûron|t=string, sinew]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Seneca,^(Köbler 2010) who has it of a man in the ''Thyestes''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means devoid of energy, nerveless, feeble or languid;^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short call it rare and post-Augustan, for [[ēnervātus]].^(Lewis & Short 1879) Petronius' verse has an enfeebled body, Quintilian an effeminate and nerveless arrangement of words, and Tacitus a nerveless orator.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Younger speaks of a languid and effeminate spectacle.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of physical objects it is not taut, limp or slack, as Fronto's bows slackened by rain.^(OLD 2012) In Church Latin it means weak, nerveless, effeminate or unnerved.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca, of a man.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius, of a body.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian, of style.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 100–170 AD – Fronto, of slack bows.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Without energy, nerveless, [[m|en|feeble]], [[m|en|languid]], [[m|en|effeminate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of objects: not taut, [[m|en|limp]], slack.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nervus]]

+ * [[ēnervō]]

+ * [[ēnervātus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}