opitulor Latin · revision 33628

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 280/260–before 200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *h₃e/op-(i-)}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɔˈpɪ.tʊ.ɫɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [oˈpiː.tu.lor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''opitulor''' (present infinitive opitulārī or opitulārier, perfect active opitulātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ Livius Andronicus has the active imperative ''opitulā'', and the active is found again in Gregory the Great.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Plautus and Pacuvius have the old infinitive ''opitulārier''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The OLD and the TLL derive it from [[m|la|opitulus]], a cult title,^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(de Vaan 2008) while Lewis & Short and Wiktionary analyse it as [[m|la|ops|t=help, power]] joined to the root of [[m|la|tulī|t=I carried]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|ops]] to [[itc-pro|*opi-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₃e/op-(i-)|t=ability, force]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|अप्नस्|tr=ápnas-|t=possession, property]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Livius Andronicus,^(de Vaan 2008) who has the active form in a tragedy: ''corrige, opitula'', “set right, help”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to give help or assistance to someone, to bring relief, usually with a dative:^(OLD 2012) Plautus has someone going to help a lover and a friend helping a friend, Cicero helping the guilty, and Sallust relieving want.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of things it is to be of service, especially of remedies:^(OLD 2012) the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' says that a shared way of life and speech was of no help to the people of Fregellae,^(OLD 2012) and Pliny the Elder has remedies that work against empty visions.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein groups it with ''auxilium ferre'' and ''opem ferre'' as help given to someone in a strait, to rescue them from need or danger.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus, in the active.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of helping a lover and a friend.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of helping the guilty.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder, of remedies.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|help]], [[m|en|assist]], bring [[m|en|relief]] to.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of things: to be of service;^(OLD 2012) of remedies, to relieve.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ops]]

+ * [[opitulātiō]]

+ * [[auxilior]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}