dependo Latin · revision 33620

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *(s)pend-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deːˈpɛn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈpɛn.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēpendō''' (present infinitive dēpendere, perfect active dēpendī, supine dēpēnsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dē-|pendō|t2=to weigh, pay]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|pendō]] to [[itc-pro|*pend-e/o-|t=to hang, weigh]] and [[ine-pro|*(s)pend-e/o-|t=to spin]].^(de Vaan 2008) Lewis & Short note that it originally meant to weigh out, hence to pay.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it of drachmas paid over, ''quas dependi''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to pay over or pay down;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short call it rare but classical.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero writes to Atticus that he would rather forswear the debt than pay it, and tells a correspondent that he must pay what he promised on another's behalf.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to pay a penalty, as in Cicero's paying the penalty to the state by death or exile.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) After Augustus it means to spend or expend time, labour and the like: Columella speaks of labour spent, and Lucan of time given to love.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The elder Seneca has each person giving up some part of the body for the whole.^(OLD 2012) Glossaries explain it as to pay for another, to satisfy, to render.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of paying drachmas.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of paying debts and penalties.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella, of labour expended.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 39–65 AD – Lucan, of time given to love.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|pay]] over, pay down;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) to pay a [[m|en|penalty]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|expend]] or spend time or labour, to [[m|en|bestow]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[depensio]]

+ * [[dēpensum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pendō]]

+ * [[expendō]]

+ * [[impendō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ It is distinct from [[dēpendeō]], “to hang down, depend on”, which is formed from [[pendeō]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}