praegredior Latin · revision 33614

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *g(h)rd(h)-(e)i-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [prae̯ˈɡrɛ.di.ɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [preˈɡrɛː.di.or]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''praegredior''' (present infinitive praegredī, perfect active praegressus sum); third (-iō variant) conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ Sallust has the spelling ''praegrad-''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ The comedy writer Novius has an active imperative ''praegredi''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prae-|gradior|t1=before|t2=to step, walk]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|gradior]] to [[itc-pro|*grad-(e)i-]] and [[ine-pro|*g(h)rd(h)-(e)i-]]; the present ⟨-gredior⟩ of the compounds has the regular vowel of a non-initial syllable.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sga|do·greinn|t=to chase, drive]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL records it from Cicero and Caesar on.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Used without an object it is to go in front, go ahead; with an object, to go in front of, precede:^(OLD 2012) Livy speaks of someone who outran not only the messengers but the very report of his coming.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to surpass or excel others, as in the letters to Caesar ascribed to Sallust,^(OLD 2012) and Tacitus uses it of passing in front of something, a column marching past a people's borders.^(OLD 2012) The TLL finds it often in Livy and in the poets Manilius, Seneca, Silius Italicus and Statius.^(TLL) In Church Latin it keeps the sense to go before, precede.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of going ahead of the news of one's arrival.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus, of passing in front of a people's borders.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To go in front, go ahead.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To go before, [[m|en|precede]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|surpass]], excel.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To pass in front of.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[praegressiō]]

+ * [[praegressus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gradior]]

+ * [[gradus]]

+ * [[praegradō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}