profor Latin · revision 33604

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=280/260–before 200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *bheh2-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈprɔ.fɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈprɔː.for]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''profor''' (present infinitive profārī or profārier, perfect active profātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ Prudentius has the old infinitive ''profārier''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prō-|for|t1=forth|t2=to speak]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|for]] to [[itc-pro|*fā-|t=to speak]] and [[ine-pro|*bheh2-|t=to speak]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|φημί|tr=phēmí|t=I say]] and [[osc|faamat]].^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL explains the compound from an ancient verb meaning “to announce”, also seen in [[grc|προφήτης|tr=prophḗtēs|t=prophet]], and compares other old compounds of verbs of speaking with “forth”, such as [[m|la|profiteor]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its earliest citation in the OLD is Livius Andronicus, of the day foretold by the Fate Morta: ''quando dies adveniet, quam profata Morta est''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to speak out, give utterance, as Virgil's Dido, who speaks briefly with lowered face,^(OLD 2012) and, with an object, to tell or announce something, as in Pacuvius' line about being ashamed to tell one's father's name.^(OLD 2012) It is also to give warning or prophesy, as the Pythia speaking from Apollo's tripod in Lucretius,^(OLD 2012) and Accius has it with an object, to relate.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short call it mostly poetic and post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Church Latin it means to speak out, speak on behalf of, tell, predict, or propose.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus, of a day foretold by Fate.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius, of telling a name.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius, of the Pythia prophesying.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of Dido speaking.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To speak out, give [[m|en|utterance]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To tell, [[m|en|announce]], relate.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To give warning, [[m|en|prophesy]]; to foretell.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[profātum]]

+ * [[profātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[for]]

+ * [[fātum]]

+ * [[fāma]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}